#01Oct 15, 2026
cs.AI
MLExpert: Towards a Generalist Agentic Model for Autonomous Machine Learning Engineering
Shangheng Du, Jinxin Shi, Shuaiyu Zhang and 7 more
Large language models (LLMs) are expanding from assisting scientific research and engineering to autonomously developing and improving AI systems, advancing AI for AI (AI4AI) as a pathway toward recursive self-improvement (RSI). Workflow-driven machine learning engineering (MLE) systems provide a practical path toward this pursuit through complex orchestration that manages long-horizon experimentation, while recent MLE systems adopt model-directed interaction, allowing models to autonomously organize experiments and adapt optimization strategies based on execution feedback. However, feedback from each experiment reflects several preceding decisions, and a long MLE run contains many such costly experiments. Training must therefore select useful supervision from long interaction trajectories and learn from intermediate outcomes. We propose a post-training method for autonomous long-horizon MLE optimization and apply it to train MLExpert, a 35B Mixture-of-Experts agentic model. We design the Kaggle-MLE Factory to construct executable tasks and an interaction harness for model-directed experimentation. Hierarchical agentic SFT transfers general tool-use and coding capabilities to MLE through outcome-guided supervision. Windowed Interaction RL (WIRL) treats the multi-turn decisions between successive experiment results as an execution window and assigns it a shared outcome-based reward. Asynchronous collection and policy correction support policy updates before the trajectory ends. On MLE-Bench Lite, MLExpert improves the average medal rate of the base model from 37.9% to 72.7%, achieving performance comparable to larger frontier models such as Kimi-K3 and GLM-5.3. Further experiments show that MLExpert improves performance on NatureBench Lite, agent scaffold optimization, and algorithm optimization, suggesting that the learned optimization capability generalizes to other tasks.
#02Oct 15, 2026
cs.LG
Lean Graph Search for Formal Theorem Proving
Yihan Xu, Jia-Chen Gu, Junyi Zhang and 7 more
Retrieving relevant lemmas is crucial for formal theorem proving, enabling provers to build machine-checkable proofs from established mathematical results. Recent retrieval systems match library declarations to a target theorem or its intermediate proof steps, but make limited use of multi-hop dependencies among declarations. These dependencies can reveal supporting lemmas that are not necessarily lexically similar to the target theorem but recur in proofs of related problems. To this end, we propose LeanGraphSearch, a graph-based retrieval method for Lean 4 that constructs a graph from Mathlib's forward dependencies and traverses it to uncover supporting lemmas through multi-hop dependency chains. Specifically, LeanGraphSearch links each declaration to the premises it depends on, uses a graph-based ranking algorithm to propagate relevance from semantically matched declarations to their dependencies, and reranks the expanded candidates against the original query. Across two mathematical retrieval benchmarks, LeanGraphSearch improves recall by up to 12% over the strongest baseline, LeanSearch v2, on MathlibQR and increases coverage of complete annotated proof routes on MathlibMPR, covering up to 3.7% of extra groups. More importantly, we evaluate whether these retrieval gains translate into improved end-to-end theorem proving by integrating LeanGraphSearch into an iterative proving loop guided by Lean feedback. Across three theorem proving benchmarks, LeanGraphSearch improves pass rate at {8, 16, 32} reflection turns by as much as 40% compared to vanilla prover and at most 10% compared to LeanSearch v2, showing higher accuracy-cost efficiency. These findings highlight the value of dependency graph search for theorem proving and motivate further research on structure-aware search for proof discovery.
#03Oct 15, 2026
cs.CV
GeoState: Learning View-Decoupled Geometry States for 3D World Modeling
Hongchang Liu, Jian Liu, Yujuan Ding and 5 more
Recent 3D world models increasingly use features from geometry foundation models (GFMs) as predictive world states, benefiting from their rich geometric priors. However, the view dependence of these features entangles scene dynamics with camera-induced variation, making the resulting state evolution harder to predict. We propose GeoState, a view-decoupled geometry representation for predictive 3D world modeling that separates scene-state evolution from camera-dependent observation. Specifically, a scene tokenizer aggregates multi-view GFM features into a view-decoupled scene state, which a geometry decoder queries using camera rays. An autoregressive world model then predicts future scene states, while camera motion is modeled separately. The predicted states can therefore be decoded under either predicted or externally specified cameras, while retaining a single context-derived scale throughout the rollout without per-frame scale alignment. Experiments show that GeoState outperforms prior 3D world models on Waymo, supports geometrically consistent cross-view querying, and generalizes zero-shot to KITTI and nuScenes. Project page: https://hongchang-liu.github.io/GeoState-project-page/
#04Oct 15, 2026
cs.LG
PathFM: Fast Generative Forecasting of Multivariate Trajectories
Jiachen Yao, Xiyuan Zhang, Annan Yu and 5 more
Time series foundation models are becoming increasingly popular for general-purpose forecasting. However, most leading models predict marginal quantiles, leaving the dependence structure of future trajectories unspecified. This distinction matters for trajectory-dependent quantities such as cumulative demand, peak load, and event timing, yet point and marginal scores do not reveal it. To model this dependence, we introduce PathFM, a trajectory-based forecasting model that uses flow matching to generate complete future paths. We further distill the model to one or two steps and share history attention cache across draws. Together, these enable PathFM to generate multiple paths for a single series in roughly the time needed for one query to a quantile model. The distilled sampler also makes it practical to optimize a calibration loss directly. PathFM achieves competitive marginal accuracy on the established forecasting benchmarks fev-bench and TIME. To complement these evaluations, we introduce Forecast Path Score Bench (fps-bench), which augments fev-bench tasks with energy and variogram scores and downstream metrics. PathFM achieves a higher aggregate path score on fps-bench than all evaluated external baselines. Experiments on chaotic systems further show that our flow model sustains long-run variability, while strong baselines rapidly collapse. PathFM makes generative time series forecasting both competitive and practical, enabling diverse downstream applications.
#05Oct 15, 2026
cs.LG
Twice Upon a Time: Complementary Representations for Time-Series Reasoning
Hedi Zisling, Liran Nochumsohn, Ilan Naiman and 2 more
Time Series Language Models (TSLMs) enable language-based understanding and reasoning over temporal data, yet a fundamental question remains: what information should their time-series representations preserve, and what variation should they factor out? Existing TSLMs typically expose the language model to a single representation, imposing a fixed inductive bias across downstream tasks. We instead introduce complementary representations as a design principle for time-series reasoning. Our model combines two visual views: line plots preserve absolute measurements and the observed coordinate frame, while normalized delay embeddings factor out positive amplitude rescaling and offsets while exposing temporal structure. Dedicated visual encoders integrate both views into a shared language model through visual tokens and multi-level feature fusion. Evaluation-time interventions verify that the two views exhibit distinct invariance profiles, while single-view ablations show that their combination is particularly beneficial beyond basic perception, with the large gains in prediction and reasoning. Built on Qwen3-VL-8B, our dual-view model improves overall TSRBench accuracy from 44.5% with line plots alone to 53.2%, substantially exceeding the strongest evaluated dedicated TSLM baseline at 36.7%. It further achieves 89.9% accuracy on TSExam and 86.8% numerical accuracy on multivariate ChatTS alignment. Together, these results demonstrate that complementary representations provide an effective design principle for general-purpose TSLMs, enabling models to exploit temporal structure without sacrificing access to the original measurement frame.