#01Aug 4, 2026
cs.CV
Progressive Learning of a Diffusion-based Inpainting Model for Separating Overlapped Fingerprints
Noor Hussein, Anil K. Jain, Karthik Nandakumar
Overlapped friction ridge patterns are a recurring problem in latent fingerprints recovered from crime scenes and in live-scan scenarios where residual fingerprints on the sensor may corrupt subsequent acquisitions. Existing approaches for separating overlapped fingerprints either rely on rule-based orientation field completion that requires strong domain knowledge or train end-to-end deep neural networks that do not account for domain-specific considerations. This work introduces a diffusion-based pipeline for separating component fingerprints from an image containing overlapping friction ridge patterns. We formulate the separation problem as an inpainting task and progressively learn a diffusion model for this task in multiple stages. Starting from a pre-trained Stable Diffusion model, we progressively incorporate a fingerprint prior, add the ability to complete partial fingerprints, and finally propose \textbf{overlap-aware inpainting} that reconstructs each component print using a diffusion inpainting model based on multi-channel conditioning. Experiments on two public datasets demonstrate that component fingerprints reconstructed using the proposed diffusion-based inpainting method can match with their mated counterparts with very high probability.
#02Aug 4, 2026
cs.CV
CPrefix: A Combinatorial Tensor Framework for Structured Discrete Color Mappings
Yvan Richard
Discrete multi-channel mappings are typically represented through sampled values, providing accurate evaluations but limited insight into their underlying structure. We introduce CPrefix, a combinatorial observable representation for discrete mappings, realized within a unified tensor framework that enables representation, reconstruction, and structural analysis. The framework is based on a counting tensor induced by multinomial counting observables. Its support forms a discrete Pascal simplex, not as a constraint on the observable space, but as a latent combinatorial representation from which mappings are reconstructed. This formulation separates the combinatorial organization of a mapping from its measured values, exposing the observable structure underlying the mapping. The framework is validated on ICC display and printer profiles through latent reconstruction and perceptual gamut transport. Accurate reconstruction demonstrates that color mappings admit faithful observable representations, while reconstruction residuals provide insight into the compatibility of the underlying mapping with the proposed representation. Although demonstrated on color transformations, the framework is independent of the physical interpretation of the observables, making it applicable to structured multi-channel mappings arising from color imaging, spectral measurements and other discrete systems.
#03Aug 4, 2026
cs.CV
CARE-X: Towards Clinically Useful Radiology VLMs with Auxiliary Supervision, Reward-Aligned Learning, and Tool-Augmented Measurement
Mercy Prasanna Ranjit, Anirban Porya, Sathvik Joel and 8 more
A clinically useful chest X-ray system must go beyond fluent report generation: it should classify findings with tunable decision thresholds, localize them spatially, and derive the anatomical measurements upon which many diagnoses depend. Today's Vision-Language Models (VLMs) treat these as separate problems, if they address them at all, leaving a gap between what radiologists need and what generative models provide. We introduce CARE-X, a chest X-ray VLM that narrows this gap by unifying auxiliary discriminative supervision with reward-aligned generation. CARE-X augments its generative backbone with focal-loss classification and composite-loss grounding heads, co-trained alongside the language-modeling objective. This auxiliary supervision produces discriminative diagnostic predictions with tunable decision thresholds and precise spatial localization while also improving report quality, providing evidence that structured prediction and generation reinforce one another. Building on this foundation, Decoupled Clip and Dynamic Sampling Policy Optimization (DAPO) leverages task-specific reward signals for report generation, visual question answering (VQA), and spatial grounding, directly optimizing the clinical quality metrics that matter in practice. The result is state-of-the-art performance on the majority of metrics across four report-generation benchmarks, 94.0% VQA accuracy on ReXVQA (+6.0 pp over the next-best baseline), and generative spatial decoding that reaches near parity with dedicated detection heads. Separately, to address measurement-dependent diagnoses, we couple Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct with native tool-calling capabilities for invoking deterministic measurement tools, while retaining full visual access to the image. This hybrid inference yields +43.6 pp average F1 over perception-only baselines across five measurement-dependent conditions.
#04Aug 4, 2026
cs.CV
UHP Detection: LVLMs have their Unique Hallucination Pattern in the Consistency Space
Amir Mohammad Ezzati, Kiyan Rezaee, Bardiya Kariminia and 4 more
Large vision--language models (LVLMs) demonstrate strong multimodal reasoning capabilities but remain prone to hallucination, where model predictions are not grounded in visual evidence. Existing black-box hallucination detection methods estimate uncertainty through a single consistency metric, implicitly assuming that model uncertainty can be adequately characterized by a single measure. However, hallucinations exhibit diverse manifestations of uncertainty across different behavioral probes, making a single measure insufficient to characterize their underlying behavior. We propose \emph{Unique Hallucination Pattern (UHP) Detection}, a fully black-box framework that models hallucination as a structured uncertainty pattern defined by two axes: perturbation modality (image vs.\ text) and logical polarity (a statement vs.\ its negation). Their intersection produces four complementary consistency groups that capture distinct manifestations of model uncertainty, from which both within-group and between-group features are extracted to train a lightweight classifier. Through comprehensive experiments on AMBER and PhD across three LVLMs, UHP Detection consistently outperforms prior black-box and white-box baselines, with improvements of up to $+18.72\%$ AUC-ROC and $+20.07\%$ AUC-PR over the strongest black-box methods. Extensive ablation studies demonstrate that each consistency group contributes complementary information and that their combination forms a structured hallucination pattern. Furthermore, cross-dataset evaluation shows that this learned pattern generalizes across benchmarks, indicating that hallucination behavior reflects a model-specific consistency pattern. \textbf{Code is publicly available at} https://github.com/amirezzati/uhpdet.
#05Aug 4, 2026
cs.CV
LiteMVS: Efficient Multi-View Stereo with Foundation Distillation and Expert Aggregation
Tianbao Zhang, Zeyu Liu, Shuyu Wu and 4 more
Real-time 3D perception is crucial for robotics, augmented reality, and embodied intelligence applications. Existing multi-view stereo (MVS) methods primarily rely on geometric correspondences, which often fail in textureless or repetitive regions, while monocular depth models leverage strong image-level priors but lack robust multi-view geometric constraints. More importantly, in robotics and embodied manipulation scenarios, high-quality 3D geometry is not only essential for static reconstruction, but also serves as a critical foundation for learning temporally consistent 4D representations. To obtain visual representations with stronger structural awareness and greater potential for spatiotemporal extension, we present LiteMVS, a lightweight multi-view depth estimation model that integrates plane-sweep geometric reasoning with strong monocular semantic and structural priors. The central idea of LiteMVS is to efficiently inject high-level monocular knowledge, obtained from lightweight segmentation models and large-scale vision foundation models, into a multi-view stereo framework. In particular, LiteMVS enriches the cost volume with semantic descriptors and employs a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) formulation to enable adaptive geometric aggregation across depth hypotheses. Moreover, geometric priors distilled from vision foundation models further strengthen monocular guidance without increasing inference cost. Through this design, LiteMVS not only improves depth estimation and 3D reconstruction quality in static scenes, but also provides a more reliable geometric foundation for subsequent temporal modeling and 4D representation learning. Experiments on ScanNetv2 and 7-Scenes demonstrate that LiteMVS achieves high-quality depth prediction and 3D reconstruction while maintaining competitive efficiency.